COTTON LOSSES 1989

Table 1a. Promising pesticides screened in 1988 for control of cotton arthropod pests.

State

Pesticide (lbs. AI/A)

Target Pest

Georgia

 

Ovasyn* (amitraz)

Dimilin*(diflubenzuron)

Andalin*(???)

SN-49844

Heliothis eggs

Beet armyworm suppression

Beet armyworm suppression

Heliothis eggs

Mississippi

 

RH7988 25WP (.06)

B. thuringiensis strains

Vericillium Lecanni (106 spores/cm2)

SN-49844 (0.125 and 0.25)

Aphids

Heliothis larvae

Aphids

Heliothis eggs

Tennessee

 

Orthene*(acephate) (0.5, 0.75,1.0)

Capture*(bifenthrin) (0.06)

Baythroid* (cyfluthrin) (0.333)

Curacron*(profenofos) (0.5)

Swat*(phoshamidon) (0.25)

Metasystox-R*(axydemetonmethyl) 0.25)

Aphids, Thrips

Aphids

1 Other pesticides tested for supporting registration or recommendations for pest control may be found in the section: Research Progress and Accomplishments.

Table 1b. 1989 U.S. Cotton Crop Production. (Source: USDA Crop Reporting Service).

--Upland--

Acres

Harvested

Acres

Harvested

Per acre yield

 

Per acre yield

 

Production

 

Production

 

(000's)

(000's)

(lbs/acre)

(lbs/acre)

000 480# bales

000 480# bales

 

1988

1989

1988

1989

1988

1989

STATE

 

Ala

375

340

486

551

380

390

AZ

349

239

1,190

1,305

865

650

ARK

675

590

742

700

1,044

860

CALIF

1,335

1,040

1,015

1,200

2,824

2,600

Fla.

29

29

566

574

34

35

GA

315

275

564

646

370

370

LA

645

620

705

674

948

870

MISS

1,190

1,050

736

709

1,825

1,550

MO

237

209

620

609

306

265

NM

69

66

710

618

102

85

NC

124

110

515

589

133

135

OKLA

435

330

334

276

303

190

SC

142

115

473

647

140

155

TENN

530

450

529

501

584

470

TEXAS

5,300

3,700

472

363

5,215

2,800

other

4

4

480

550

4

5

Total

11,754

9,167

616

598

15,077

11,429

--Pima--

Ariz

128

245

904

891

241

455

Calif

2

19

853

960

3

38

N.M.

18

27

634

640

24

36

Tex.

42

75

769

805

67

125

TOTAL

189

366

848

859

334

654

All

Cotton

11,943

9,533

619

608

15,412

12,083

 

Table 2. All States

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

5865741

4783596

2.6

3.85

2.75

331466

Boll/budworms

7478934

4683150

1.8

7.14

1.87

225115

Fleahoppers

4404730

1032670

0.1

3.09

0.11

12951

Lygus bugs

4072826

2346507

0.3

4.16

2.05

246667

Leaf perforator

234000

109000

0.0

9.04

0.00

267

Pink bollworm

416775

350505

0.2

8,94

0.14

16438

Spider mites

2659204

1599112

0.2

11.02

1.11

133838

Thrips

6581397

3593701

0.5

4.09

0.36

42782

Beet armyworms

1194911

529996

0.1

10.47

0.15

18629

Fall armyworms

584400

170336

0.0

7.80

0.03

3596

Minor pests

1004227

371727

0.1

9.86

0.05

5741

Aphids

6021428

3798381

0.8

5.06

0.55

65805

New pests

319805

181705

0.0

8.96

0.03

3223

W Flower Thrips

2198300

158857

0.0

7.36

0.03

3386

Acreage harvested: 9679129

Yield per acre: 1.24 Bales

Percent lost: 9.22

Dollars lost: 319,652,183

Cost per acre: 37.85

Table 3. Central Alabama

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

66000

66000

8.0

2.50

6.00

4826

Boll/budworms

66000

66000

4.0

4.80

2.00

1609

Fleahoppers

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

66000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

6000

2000

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Thrips

66000

3000

0.0

1.30

0.00

4

Beet armyworms

30000

3000

0.0

8.50

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

1000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Whiteflies

10000

5000

0.0

7.50

0.01

6

Aphids

66000

66000

1.5

3.00

0.00

0

New pests

30000

30000

0.7

9.00

0.91

731

W Flower Thrips

66000

1000

0.0

0.00

0.00

1

Acreage harvested: 66000

Yield per acre: 1.22 Bales

Percent lost: 8.92

Dollars lost: 2,067,039

Cost per acre:50.09

Table 4. North Alabama

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Threshold

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

204000

204000

5.4

2.20

4.00

10455

Boll/budworms

204000

204000

3.1

4.55

4.00

10455

Fleahoppers

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

204000

1734000

1.9

1.60

5.10

13330

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

70000

20000

0.0

6.00

0.01

26

Thrips

204000

20000

0.0

1.20

0.01

26

Beet armyworms

50000

1000

0.0

8.50

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

10000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Minor pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Aphids

204000

110000

0.5

2.80

0.54

1409

New pests*

40000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower Thrips

204000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 204000

Yield per acre: 1.28 Bales

Percent lost: 13.66

Dollars lost: 10,281,816

Cost per acre: 30.56

* Soybean loopers

Table 5. South Alabama

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

70000

70000

15.0*

3.00

0.00

0

Boll/budworms

70000

700000

5.0

5.10

3.00

2844

Fleahoppers

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

70000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

5000

1000

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Thrips

70000

3000

0.0

1.30

0.00

4

Beet armyworms

35000

30000

1.1

9.00

0.86

813

Fall armyworms

5000

5000

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Minor pests @

70000

17000

0.4

5.00

0.39

368

Aphids

35000

70000

2.0

3.00

0.00

0

New pests #

50000

45000

1.0

9.00

1.29

1219

W Flower Thrips

70000

1000

0.0

0.00

0.00

1

Acreage harvested; 70000

Yield per acre: 1.35 Bales

Percent Lost: 5.54

Dollars Lost: 1,511,640

Cost per acre: 96.65

* All 15 applications by BWE.

@ European Corn borer - 1000 acres above threshold (% Reduction+ 1.0)

Stinkbugs - 10000 acres above threshold (% Reduction= 0.5)

Whiteflies - 6000 acres above threshold (% Reduction= 0.1)

# Soybean looper

Table 6. Arkansas, North of I-40

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

330000

315000

3.3

4.65

0.83

4045

Boll/budworms

290000

200000

0.6

7.55

0.43

2094

Fleahoppers

30000

2500

0.0

3.20

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

325000

80000

0.2

3.20

0.10

503

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

50000

120000

0.0

5.00

0.00

3

Thrips

340000

280000

0.8

4.45

0.40

1954

Beet armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Minor pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Aphids

340000

190000

0.7

4.20

0.08

398

New pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower Thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 350000

Yield per acre: 1.40 Bales

Percent lost: 1.84

Dollars lost: 2,591,151

Cost per acre: 27.02

Table 7. Arkansas, South of I-40

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

220000

140000

2.3

4.75

1.75

5635

Boll/budworms

220000

220000

5.5

8.75

1.83

5903

Fleahoppers

50000

5000

0.0

3.50

0.00

7

Lygus bugs

200000

15000

0.1

3.50

0.02

50

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

20000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Thrips

220000

220000

1.8

3.50

0.92

2952

Beet armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Minor pests

5000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Aphids

200000

150000

0.6

1.60

0.63

2013

New pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower Thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Average harvested: 240000

Yield per acre: 1.34 Bales

Percent lost: 5.14

Dollars Lost:4,769,142

Cost per acre: 66.92

Table 8. Arizona

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

120000

100000

0.9

5.00

0.01

133

Boll/budworms

300000

150000

0.7

10.00

0.20

2400

Fleahoppers

60000

10000

0.0

9.00

0.00

3

Lygus bugs

270000

190000

0.8

9.00

0.41

5067

Leaf perforator

200000

100000

0.4

9.00

0.02

267

Pink bollworm

320000

290000

3.2

9.00

1.32

16240

Spider mites

140000

90000

0.2

12.00

0.04

480

Thrips

350000

30000

0.1

7.00

0.00

8

Beet armyworms

110000

90000

0.6

12.00

0.12

1440

Fall armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Whiteflies

200000

190000

1.2

12.00

0.21

2533

Aphids

30000

10000

0.0

9.00

0.00

13

New pests*

40000

20000

0.1

9.00

0.00

53

W Flower thrips

350000

30000

0.1

7.00

0.00

8

Average harvested: 460000

Yield per acre: 2.67 Bales

Percent Lost: 2.34

Dollars Lost: 8,249,856

Cost per acre: 76.93

*Mealybug

Table 9. California, San Joaquin valley

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Threshold

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Boll/budworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Fleahoppers

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

661500

535500

0.4

10.00

7.65

204661

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

976500

966000

1.4

12.00

4.60

123064

Thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Beet armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

252000

122500

0.0

10.00

0.12

3121

Minor pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Aphids

73500

2000

0.0

10.00

0.00

0

New pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 1050000

Yield per acre: 2.55 Bales

Percent Lost: 12.37

Dollars lost: 95,283,930

Cost per acre: 20.37

Table 10. California, Southern Deserts

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Boll/budworms

15000

7500

0.3

10.00

0.25

210

Fleahoppers

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Leaf perforator

24000

9000

0.3

10.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

30000

30000

6.0

10.00

0.06

50

Spider mites

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Beet armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

6000

2400

0.1

10.00

0.00

0

Whiteflies

30000

1500

0.1

10.00

0.00

0

Aphids

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

New pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower Thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 30000

Yield per acre: 2.80 Bales

Percent Lost: 0.31

Dollars lost: 74,995

Cost per acre: 66.80

Table 11. Florida

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

26736

26736

1.0

35.00*

1.70

544

Boll/budworms

26736

26736

8.4

8.80

5.50

1758

Fleahoppers

5300

600

0.0

6.00

0.00

1

Lygus bugs

4700

800

0.0

7.80

0.01

2

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

6200

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Thrips

23236

1350

0.0

8.75

0.04

11

Beet armyworms

24636

24636

1.1

10.50

2.30

737

Fall armyworms

24636

21136

0.2

8.75

0.47

152

Minor pests @

17700

5200

0.0

17.50

0.16

50

Aphids

17700

14300

0.3

7.70

0.27

86

New pests #

21500

11500

0.2

7.00

0.34

110

W Flower thrips

21000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 26736

Yield per acre: 1.20 Bales

Percent lost: 10.79

Dollars lost: 993,614

Cost per acre: 126.63

BWE cost to producers

@ Whiteflies - 5200 acres above threshold

European corn borer - 0 acres above threshold

# Soybean looper & Southern armyworm

Table 12. Georgia

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

270000

270000

13.1

3.76*

0.00

0

Boll/budworms

275000

260000

4.3

6.75

4.73

19229

Fleahoppers

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Lygus bugs

50000

25000

0.1

3.95

0.09

370

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

37500

25000

0.1

7.25

0.00

0

Thrips

262500

250000

1.4

6.75

0.00

0

Beet armyworms

175000

162500

2.1

9.00

2.95

12018

Fall armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Whiteflies

100000

45000

0.2

4.50

0.00

0

Aphids

225000

150000

1.6

3.88

0.55

2219

New pests @

100000

75000

0.4

9.00

0.27

1109

W Flower thrips

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 275000

Yield per acre: 1.48 Bale

Percent lost: 8.59

Dollars lost: 10,064,250

Cost per acre:117.50

* Costs associated with BWE including federal contribution

@ Soybean looper

Table 13. Louisiana

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment

Thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

624849

608228

4.9

2.60

5.84

49951

Boll/budworms

622262

608228

5.8

7.25

5.84

49951

Fleahoppers

602110

456170

0.6

3.00

0.37

3122

Lygus bugs

607220

488880

0.5

3.00

0.39

3346

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

318044

175072

0.2

7.30

0.06

479

Thrips

620015

453345

0.7

2.45

0.15

1241

Beet armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Fall armyworms

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Minor pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Aphids

512856

440029

1.1

3.75

0.70

6023

New pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower thrips

342050

4000

0.0

4.10

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 624849

Yield per acre: 1.37 Bales

Percent lost: 13.34

Dollars lost: 32,864,349

Cost per acre:65.57

Table 14. Mississippi Delta

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

724660

647260

4.3

2.36

4.52

48001

Boll/budworms

813160

791160

5.2

6.26

4.81

51053

Fleahoppers

90460

59000

0.1

1.45

0.07

754

Lygus bugs

622010

547010

1.1

2.06

1.38

14621

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

141000

70500

0.1

6.56

0.12

1272

Thrips

729700

639500

1.5

2.77

1.39

14764

Beet armyworms

23500

11000

0.0

5.34

0.04

391

Fall armyworms

37000

17500

0.0

5.04

0.03

282

Minor pests

90000

48000

0.1

6.38

0.09

914

Aphids

668700

587300

2.1

6.52

1.48

15702

New pests

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

W Flower thrips

270000

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Acreage harvested: 826660

Yield per acre: 1.28 Bales

Percent lost: 13.92

Dollars lost: 42,553,441

Cost per acre:64.42

Table 15. Mississippi Hills

Pest

Acres

infested

Above treatment thresholds

No. insecticide

Applications

Cost per

Application

% yield

reduction

Bales

Lost

Boll weevils

265372

259672

8.2

2.15

12.86

39074

Boll/budworms

256026

238326

3.4

5.48

3.84

11670

Fleahoppers

15500

3500

0.0

3.88

0.03

95

Lygus bugs

190876

135452

1.0

2.35

1.07

3244

Leaf perforator

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Pink bollworm

0

0

0.0

0.00

0.00

0

Spider mites

37610

7000

0.1

8.86

0.06

197

Thrips

228426

171616

1.0

3.41

0.68

2071

Beet armyworms

23035

1000

0.0

8.00

0.01

35